The Ecological Characteristics for

POA PRATENSIS

1. Char Number: 1.01 Characteristic: Soil nutrients, Value: infertile
   Reference : Fitter AH, personal communication , 1991
2. Char Number: 1.01 Characteristic: Soil nutrients, Value: fertile
   Reference : Ellenberg H, Vegetation Ecology of Central Europe, Fourth Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1988
3. Char Number: 1.05 Characteristic: Salinity, Value: salt-affected
   Species lists obtained from selected NVC communities and categorised by AH Fitter.
4. Char Number: 1.10 Characteristic: Shade, Value: light, Quality : non-British data
   Reference : Ellenberg H, Vegetation Ecology of Central Europe, Fourth Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1988
5. Char Number: 1.10 Characteristic: Shade, Value: none
   Reference : Fitter AH, personal communication , 1991
6. Char Number: 1.12 Characteristic: Altitude: 1. maximum recorded (m), Value: 944
   Reference : Wilson A, The Altitudinal Range of British Plants, North Western Naturalist (supplement) , 1949
7. Char Number: 1.13 Characteristic: Altitude: 2. minimum recorded (m), Value: 0
   Reference : Wilson A, The Altitudinal Range of British Plants, North Western Naturalist (supplement) , 1949
8. Char Number: 1.14 Characteristic: Altitude: 4. typical minimum (m), Value: 0
   Reference : Wilson A, The Altitudinal Range of British Plants, North Western Naturalist (supplement) , 1949
9. Char Number: 2.01 Characteristic: Status, Value: native
   
10. Char Number: 2.02 Characteristic: Typical abundance where naturally occurring, Value: dominant
    Reference : Fitter AH, personal communication , 1991
11. Char Number: 2.03 Characteristic: Dynamics, Value: declining, Quality : possibly
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
12. Char Number: 2.04 Characteristic: First historical record: 1. date, Value: 1597
    Reference : Clarke WA, First Records of British Flowering Plants, 2nd ed., West, Newman & Co., London , 1900
13. Char Number: 2.11 Characteristic: Range: 3. continents where native, Value: North America
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
14. Char Number: 2.11 Characteristic: Range: 3. continents where native, Value: Asia
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
15. Char Number: 2.11 Characteristic: Range: 3. continents where native, Value: Europe
    
16. Char Number: 2.11 Characteristic: Range: 3. continents where native, Value: Africa
    Reference : Armstrong SF, British Grasses, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1948
17. Char Number: 2.13 Characteristic: SN Index, Value: 3.42
    Indices were derived from data obtained from the Biological Records Centre, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Monks Wood Experimental Station, Huntingdon, 1992
18. Char Number: 2.14 Characteristic: EW Index, Value: 4.58
    Indices were derived from data obtained from the Biological Records Centre, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Monks Wood Experimental Station, Huntingdon, 1992
19. Char Number: 2.17 Characteristic: number of European countries in which native, Value: 32
    
20. Char Number: 3.01 Characteristic: Stems: 1. woodiness, Value: non-woody
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
21. Char Number: 3.02 Characteristic: Stems: 2. support, Value: self-supporting
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
22. Char Number: 3.04 Characteristic: Height: 2. extreme minimum (cm), Value: 15
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
23. Char Number: 3.05 Characteristic: Height: 3. typical maximum (cm), Value: 50
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
24. Char Number: 3.06 Characteristic: Height: 4. typical minimum (cm), Value: 20
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
25. Char Number: 3.07 Characteristic: Spread, Value: height = width
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, From:- Flora of the British Isles, 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; interpreted by AH Fitter , 1987
26. Char Number: 3.08 Characteristic: Heterophylly, Value: none
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, From:- Flora of the British Isles, 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; interpreted by AH Fitter , 1987
27. Char Number: 3.09 Characteristic: Leaf shape: 1. type, Value: simple
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, From:- Flora of the British Isles, 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; interpreted by AH Fitter , 1987
28. Char Number: 3.10 Characteristic: Leaf shape: 2. outline, Value: entire
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, From:- Flora of the British Isles, 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; interpreted by AH Fitter , 1987
29. Char Number: 3.11 Characteristic: Leaf shape: 3. pointed/round, Value: pointed
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, From:- Flora of the British Isles, 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; interpreted by AH Fitter , 1987
30. Char Number: 3.12 Characteristic: Leaf shape: 4. length versus breadth, Value: >3 times as long as wide
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, From:- Flora of the British Isles, 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; interpreted by AH Fitter , 1987
31. Char Number: 3.13 Characteristic: Leaf shape: 5. leaf base, Value: parallel-sided
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, From:- Flora of the British Isles, 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; interpreted by AH Fitter , 1987
32. Char Number: 3.14 Characteristic: Leaf shape: 6. petiole, Value: sheathing
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
33. Char Number: 3.15 Characteristic: Leaf shape: 7. minimum petiole length (mm), Value: 0
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
34. Char Number: 3.16 Characteristic: Leaf shape: 8. maximum petiole length (mm), Value: 0
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
35. Char Number: 3.17 Characteristic: Leaf area (cm2), Value: 1-10
    Reference : Hubbard CE, Grasses, 3rd Edition, Penguin, London , 1984
36. Char Number: 3.17 Characteristic: Leaf area (cm2), Value: 0.1-1
    Reference : Hubbard CE, Grasses, 3rd Edition, Penguin, London , 1984
37. Char Number: 3.22 Characteristic: Leaf longevity: 1. type, Value: evergreen
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
38. Char Number: 3.25 Characteristic: Root depth: 1. type, Value: deep
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
39. Char Number: 3.27 Characteristic: Fine root diameter (um), Value: 100-150
    Reference : Fitter D, unpublished data , 1990
40. Char Number: 3.30 Characteristic: Root persistence, Value: >1, Quality : non-British data
    Reference : Allen JP, The Botany, Ecology, Agronomy and Control of Poa Trivialis L., Agricultural Research Council Weed Research Organisation Technical Report No 6, 1966
41. Char Number: 4.01 Characteristic: Seedling growth rate - maximum (/d), Value: 0.18
    Reference : Grime JP, R Hunt, , Journal of Ecology, 1975, 63, 393-422
42. Char Number: 4.02 Characteristic: Photosynthetic pathway, Value: C3
    
43. Char Number: 4.03 Characteristic: Mature leaf N concentration (mg/g), Value: 10-20
    Reference : Allen SE et al, Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford , 1974
44. Char Number: 4.04 Characteristic: Mature leaf P concentration (mg/g), Value: 2-3
    Reference : Allen SE et al, Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford , 1974
45. Char Number: 4.05 Characteristic: Heavy metal resistance, Value: none
    
46. Char Number: 4.06 Characteristic: Carnivory, Value: does not kill insects
    
47. Char Number: 4.07 Characteristic: Nutrition, Value: autotrophic
    
48. Char Number: 4.08 Characteristic: Response to drought, Value: resists
    Reference : Armstrong SF, British Grasses, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1948
49. Char Number: 4.09 Characteristic: Response to frost (non-woody tissue), Value: very resistant, Quality : non-British data
    Reference : Allen JP, The Botany, Ecology, Agronomy and Control of Poa Trivialis L., Agricultural Research Council Weed Research Organisation Technical Report No 6, 1966
50. Char Number: 5.01 Characteristic: Life-form, Value: hemicryptophyte
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
51. Char Number: 5.02 Characteristic: Longevity of stems (yrs), Value: <1
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
52. Char Number: 5.04 Characteristic: Mono/poly-carpic, Value: polycarpic
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
53. Char Number: 5.05 Characteristic: Vegetative reproduction/persistence: 1. method, Value: rhizomes
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
54. Char Number: 5.06 Characteristic: Vegetative reproduction/persistence: 2. pattern, Value: diffuse ramets
    Reference : Fitter AH, personal communication , 1991
55. Char Number: 5.07 Characteristic: Flowering time: 1. earliest month, Value: 5
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
56. Char Number: 5.08 Characteristic: Flowering time: 2. latest month, Value: 7
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Moore DM, Flora of the British Isles, 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , 1987
57. Char Number: 5.10 Characteristic: Photoperiodism: 1. type, Value: long-day, Quality : may not be an obligate requirement
    Reference : Barnard C, Grasses and Grasslands, MacMillan and Co. Ltd, London , 1964
58. Char Number: 5.15 Characteristic: Pollen vector, Value: wind
    Reference : Knuth P, Handbook of Flower Pollination Volume 3 (trans Ainsworth Davis JR), Oxford , 1909
59. Char Number: 5.16 Characteristic: Dicliny, Value: hermaphrodite
    Reference : Knuth P, Handbook of Flower Pollination Volume 3 (trans Ainsworth Davis JR), Oxford , 1909
60. Char Number: 5.17 Characteristic: Dichogamy, Value: homogamous
    Reference : Knuth P, Handbook of Flower Pollination Volume 3 (trans Ainsworth Davis JR), Oxford , 1909
61. Char Number: 5.19 Characteristic: Fertilization, Value: apomictic
    Reference : Nygren A, , The Botanical Review, 1954, 20, 577-649
62. Char Number: 5.22 Characteristic: Incompatibility systems, Value: none
    Reference : Nygren A, , The Botanical Review, 1954, 20, 577-649
63. Char Number: 5.25 Characteristic: Chromosome number(s): 1. number, Value: 42, Quality : non-British data
    
64. Char Number: 5.25 Characteristic: Chromosome number(s): 1. number, Value: 98, Quality : non-British data
    
65. Char Number: 5.25 Characteristic: Chromosome number(s): 1. number, Value: 50-78, Quality : non-British data
    
66. Char Number: 5.25 Characteristic: Chromosome number(s): 1. number, Value: 91, Quality : non-British data
    
67. Char Number: 5.26 Characteristic: 2C DNA content (pg), Value: 10.8, Quality : 2n=ca 84
    Reference : Bennett MD, Smith JB, Heslop-Harrison JS, , Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 1982, 216, 179-199
68. Char Number: 5.28 Characteristic: Time of seed dispersal (season), Value: summer
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
69. Char Number: 5.30 Characteristic: Dispersule size - length of longest axis (mm), Value: 2.9, Quality : caryopsis and lemma
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
70. Char Number: 5.31 Characteristic: Seed size - length of longest axis (mm), Value: 1.6, Quality : caryopsis, dispersed with an attached lemma
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
71. Char Number: 5.34 Characteristic: Seed weight: 3. mean (mg), Value: 0.25
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
72. Char Number: 5.38 Characteristic: Dispersal agent, Value: unspecialised
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
73. Char Number: 5.40 Characteristic: After-ripening requirement, Value: none
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
74. Char Number: 5.42 Characteristic: Maximum temperature at which 50% seeds germinate, Value: 25
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
75. Char Number: 5.44 Characteristic: Minimum temperature at which 50% seeds germinate, Value: 7
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
76. Char Number: 5.46 Characteristic: Germination requirements 2. light, Value: partial
    Reference : Williams ED, , Annals of Applied Biology, 1983, 103, 161-172
77. Char Number: 5.47 Characteristic: Germination requirements 3. temperature fluctuation, Value: partial
    Reference : Mayer AM, Poljakoff-Mayber A, The Germination of Seeds, 3rd edition, Pergamon Press , 1982
78. Char Number: 5.47 Characteristic: Germination requirements 3. temperature fluctuation, Value: absolute, Quality : var. newport
    Reference : Thompson K, Grime JP, , Journal of Applied Ecology, 1983, 20, 141-156
79. Char Number: 5.48 Characteristic: Germination type, Value: epigeal
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
80. Char Number: 5.52 Characteristic: Normal method of propagation, Value: seed and vegetative
    Reference : Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R, Comparative Plant Ecology, Unwin Hyman, London , 1988
81. Char Number: 5.53 Characteristic: Seedbank type, Value: short-term persistent
    Reference : Thompson K, Bakker J, Bekker R, calculated from data in: The soil seed banks of North West Europe: methodology, density and longevity, CUP.
82. Char Number: 5.53 Characteristic: Seedbank type, Value: long-term persistent
    Reference : Thompson K, Bakker J, Bekker R, calculated from data in: The soil seed banks of North West Europe: methodology, density and longevity, CUP.
83. Char Number: 5.53 Characteristic: Seedbank type, Value: transient
    Reference : Thompson K, Bakker J, Bekker R, calculated from data in: The soil seed banks of North West Europe: methodology, density and longevity, CUP.
84. Char Number: 5.53 Characteristic: Seedbank type, Value: seedbank present, type uncertain
    Reference : Thompson K, Bakker J, Bekker R, calculated from data in: The soil seed banks of North West Europe: methodology, density and longevity, CUP.
85. Char Number: 5.54 Characteristic: Maximum seedbank density (m2), Value: 6380
    Reference : Thompson K, Bakker J, Bekker R, calculated from data in: The soil seed banks of North West Europe: methodology, density and longevity, CUP.
86. Char Number: 5.55 Characteristic: Minimum seedbank density (m2), Value: 6
    Reference : Thompson K, Bakker J, Bekker R, calculated from data in: The soil seed banks of North West Europe: methodology, density and longevity, CUP.
87. Char Number: 5.56 Characteristic: Mean seedbank density (m2), Value: 530.6379310344827586206896551724137
    Reference : Thompson K, Bakker J, Bekker R, calculated from data in: The soil seed banks of North West Europe: methodology, density and longevity, CUP.
88. Char Number: 6.02 Characteristic: Physical defences on leaves, Value: glabrous
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Warburg EF, Flora of the British Isles, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1962
89. Char Number: 6.04 Characteristic: Physical defences on flowers/fruits, Value: soft hairs, Quality : lemma
    Reference : Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Warburg EF, Flora of the British Isles, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1962

1. Plant Name: Poa pratensis; Country of origin: China; , % germination 86; Pre Treatment: ; Medium: 1% agar; Conditions: 20°C, 8/16; Notes :
2. Plant Name: Poa pratensis; Country of origin: China; , % germination 88; Pre Treatment: ; Medium: 1% agar; Conditions: 10°C, 8/16; Notes :
3. Plant Name: Poa pratensis; Country of origin: China; , % germination 88; Pre Treatment: ; Medium: 1% agar; Conditions: 15°C, 8/16; Notes :
4. Plant Name: Poa pratensis; Country of origin: China; , % germination 89; Pre Treatment: ; Medium: 1% agar; Conditions: 20/10°C, 8/16; Notes :