| |
Characteristic |
Values |
Notes |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.01 | Soil nutrients | very fertile | |
| fertile | |||
| infertile | |||
| very infertile | |||
| 1.01A | Water nutrient | eutrophic | Aquatic species |
| mesotrophic | |||
| oligotrophic | |||
| 1.02 | Soil Moisture 1: Water Table | permanently high | |
| periodically high | |||
| permanently low | |||
| 1.03 | Soil Moisture 1: Drainage | free draining | |
| slow draining | |||
| 1.04 | Soil Moisture 1: Supply | Continuous | |
| seasonal | |||
| intermittent | |||
| 1.05 | Salinity | Fresh | |
| Salt affected | in habitats receiving some salt input | ||
| Brackish | receiving water with elevated salt content | ||
| Saline | regularly covered by salt water | ||
| 1.06 | Soil pH 1: extreme maximum | value | |
| 1.06A | Water pH 1: extreme maximum | value | aquatic and wetland species |
| 1.07 | Soil pH 2: extreme minimum | value | |
| 1.07A | Water pH 2: extreme minimum | value | aquatic and wetland species |
| 1.08 | Soil pH 3: Typical maximum | value | |
| 1.08A | Water pH 3: Typical maximum | value | aquatic and wetland species |
| 1.09 | Soil pH 4: Typical minimum | value | |
| 1.09A | Water pH 4: Typical minimum | value | aquatic and wetland species |
| 1.10 | Shade | none | |
| light | |||
| mid | |||
| deep | |||
| 1.10A | Maximum depth of leaves | <0.5m | Aquatic species |
| >0/5m | |||
| 1.11 | Exposure | esxposed | |
| indifferent | |||
| sheltered | |||
| 1.12 | Altitude: 1. maximum recorded | value | |
| 1.13 | Altitude: 1. minimum recorded | value | |
| 1.14 | Altitude: 1. typical minimum | value | |
| 1.15A | Flow | nil | Aquatic species |
| slight | |||
| mid | |||
| rapid | |||
| 2.01 | Status | native | |
| naturalised | introduced by man and capable of maintaining self-sustaining populations | ||
| 2.02 | Typical abundance where naturally occurring | Dominant | |
| frequent | |||
| scattered | |||
| 2.03 | Dynamics | increasing | |
| stable | |||
| declining | |||
| 2.04 | First historical record:1. Date | value | |
| 2.05 | First historical record:1. Site | value - place name | |
| 2.06 | Fossil record : Earliest record | value | not available |
| 2.07 | Fossil record : Earliest postglacial record | value | not available |
| 2.08 | Fossil record : postglacial frequency | value | not available |
| 2.09 | Range: 1 European countries where native | value - country | information extracted from Flora Europaea |
| 2.10 | Range: 1 European countries where introduced | value - country | information extracted from Flora Europaea |
| 2.11 | Continents where native | Europe | |
| Africa | |||
| Macaronesia | |||
| Asia | |||
| North America | |||
| Australasia | |||
| 2.12 | Continents where introduced | Europe | |
| Africa | |||
| Macaronesia | |||
| Asia | |||
| North America | |||
| Australasia | |||
| 2.13 | SN index | value (0-10) | Derived using the proportion of 10-km squares in which a species |
| occurs in each of 13 region in Great Britain (see distribution pages for map). Each region is weighted according to how far north it is. Values have been scaled to range from 0-10 by setting the species with the most southerly distribution to a value of 0 and those with the most northerly to 10. Ireland has nt been included in this index. | |||
| 2.14 | EW index | value (0-10) | Derived as above with each region weighted according to how far |
| west it is. 0 - east, 10 west | |||
| 2.15 | British Distribution (post-1949 records) | value ( no. of 10k squares) | |
| 2.16 | British Distribution (all records) | value ( no. of 10k squares) | |
| 3.01 | Stems: 1.woodiness | non-woody | |
| woody at base | |||
| woody | |||
| 3.02 | Stems:2. Support | creeping | |
| decumbent | |||
| procumbent | |||
| scrambling | |||
| self-supporting | |||
| twining | |||
| tendrils | |||
| climbing by adventitious roots | |||
| 3.02A | Leaf position | emergent | Aquatic plants |
| floating | |||
| submerged | |||
| 3.03 | Height: 1 extreme maximum | value (cm) | |
| 3.04 | Height: 1 extreme minimum | value (cm) | |
| 3.05 | Height: 1 typical maximum | value (cm) | |
| 3.06 | Height: 1 typical minimum | value (cm) | |
| 3.07 | Spread | height >> width | |
| height = width | |||
| height << width | |||
| not applicable | submerged aquatics | ||
| 3.08 | Heterophylly | not appliccable | leafless species |
| none | |||
| developmental | individuals have >1 leaph morphology irrespective of growth conditions | ||
| environmental | heterophylly induced by environmentl factors | ||
| 3.09 | Leaf shape:1. type | compound | |
| simple | |||
| absent | |||
| modified | Carnivorous plants | ||
| 3.10 | Leaf shape:1. outline | not applicable | leafless plants |
| entire | |||
| crenate | |||
| toothed | |||
| lobed | |||
| lobed and toothed | |||
| serrulate | |||
| 3.11 | Leaf shape: 3 tip shape | not applicable | leafless plants |
| pointed | |||
| rounded | |||
| mucronate | |||
| emarginate | |||
| 3.12 | Leaf shape: 4 length versus breadth | not applicable | leafless plants |
| >3 X as long as wide | |||
| 1-3 X as long as wide | |||
| length = width | |||
| shorter than broad | |||
| 3.13 | Leaf shape: 5: leaf base | not applicable | leafless plants |
| saggitate | |||
| cordate | |||
| rounded | |||
| truncate | |||
| parallel sided | |||
| cuneate | |||
| central | |||
| 3.14 | Leaf shape: 6 | not applicable | leafless plants |
| clasping | |||
| petiolate | |||
| subsessile | |||
| sessile | |||
| connate | |||
| sheathing | |||
| 3.15 | Leaf shape: 7 minimum petiole length | value mm. | |
| 3.16 | Leaf shape: 8: maximum petiole length | value mm. | |
| 3.17 | Leaf area (sq cm) | <0.1 | area of entire leaf if compound |
| 0.1-1 | |||
| 1-10 | |||
| 10-100 | |||
| 100-1000 | |||
| >1000 | |||
| 3.18 | Leaf lamina thickness (mm) | <0.2 | |
| 0.2-0.5 | |||
| 0.5-1.0 | |||
| 1.0-2.0 | |||
| 3.19 | Stomata 1. surfaces present | both | |
| lower | |||
| upper | |||
| none | |||
| stem | |||
| 3.20 | Stomata:2 density on lower surface | value (no per mm) | |
| 3.21 | Stomata:2 density on upper surface | value (no per mm) | |
| 3.22 | Leaf longevity: 1. type | aestival | spring-autumn |
| vernal | winter-spring | ||
| hibernal | autumn - early summer | ||
| semi-evergreen | evergreen in some habitats or incomplete senescence | ||
| evergreen | |||
| 3.23 | Leaf longevity: 2. Number of months | 0-1 | |
| 3-6 | |||
| 7-12 | |||
| 13-24 | |||
| >24 | |||
| 3.24 | Root system: | absent | |
| tap root | |||
| fibrous | |||
| adventitious | |||
| contractile | |||
| 3.25 | Root depth: 1. type | shallow | With respect to the height of the stem |
| deep | |||
| 3.26 | Root depth: 2 depth (cm) | 0-10 | depth to include most functional roots |
| 10-50 | |||
| 50-100 | |||
| >100 | |||
| 3.27 | Fine root diameter (µm) | <100 | diameter of terminal roots |
| 100-150 | |||
| 150-200 | |||
| 200-300 | |||
| 300-500 | |||
| 500-1000 | |||
| >1000 | |||
| 3.28 | Root hairs | present | |
| absent | |||
| 3.29 | Root hair length (mm) | <0.1 | |
| 0.1-0.5 | |||
| 0.5-1.0 | |||
| 1.0-5.0 | |||
| >5.0 | |||
| 3.30 | Root persistence | <1 | |
| 1 | |||
| >1 | |||
| 4.01 | Seedling growth rate (initial, per day) | value | |
| 4.02 | Photosynthetic pathway | C3 | |
| CAM | |||
| C4 | |||
| 4.03 | Mature leaf N concentration (mg/g) | <5 | |
| 5-10 | |||
| 10-20 | |||
| 20-30 | |||
| 4.04 | Mature leaf P concentration (mg/g) | <1 | |
| 1-2 | |||
| 2-3 | |||
| >3 | |||
| 4.05 | Heavy metal resistance | none | |
| pseudometallophyte | |||
| local metallophyte | |||
| absolute metallophyte | |||
| 4.06 | Carnivory | leaves | |
| traps | |||
| kills insects but not carnivorous | |||
| does not kill insects | |||
| 4.07 | Nutrition | autotrophic | |
| mycotropic | dependent on a fungal symbiont for all or part of its carbon supply when adult | ||
| hemi-parasitic | |||
| parasitic | |||
| 4.08 | Response to drought | resists | |
| wilts and recovers | |||
| wilts | |||
| wilts and dies | |||
| 4.09 | Response to frost (non-woody tissue) | very resistant | |
| resistant | |||
| sensitive | |||
| 4.10 | Response to frost (seedlings) | very resistant | |
| resistant | |||
| sensitive | |||
| 5.01 | Life form | therophyte | |
| hemicryptophyte | |||
| helophyte | |||
| hydrophyte | |||
| geophyte | |||
| chamaehpyte | |||
| phanerophyte | |||
| epiphyte | |||
| 5.02 | longevity of stems (years) | <1 | |
| 1-2 | |||
| 2-10 | |||
| 10-100 | |||
| 100-500 | |||
| >500 | |||
| 5.03 | Age at first flowering (years) | <6 weeks | |
| 6-12 weeks | |||
| 12-24 weeks | |||
| 24-52 weeks | |||
| 1-2 years | |||
| 2-5 years | |||
| 5-20 years | |||
| >20 years | |||
| 5.04 | Mono/polycarpic | monocarpic | |
| facultatively polycarpic | may but does not always flower more than once | ||
| polycarpic | |||
| 5.05 | Vegetative reproduction, persistence: 1 method | branching rootstock | |
| buds | |||
| bulbils | |||
| bulbs | |||
| corms | |||
| creeping stock | |||
| rhizomes | |||
| root buds | |||
| rooting stem nodes | |||
| rooting twigs | |||
| stolons | |||
| suckers | |||
| turions | |||
| tubers | |||
| 5.06 | Vegetative reproduction, persistence: 2 pattern | patch forming | sufficiently close that shoots are juxtaposed |
| diffuse ramets | connected but shoots dispersed | ||
| ramets not connected | |||
| no ramets | |||
| 5.07 | Flowering time:1 earliest month | value (month) | |
| 5.08 | Flowering time:2 latest month | value (month) | |
| 5.09 | Flowering time:3 peak month | value (month) | |
| 5.10 | Photoperiodism: 1. type | long day | |
| day neutral | |||
| short day | |||
| 5.11 | Photoperiodism: 1. threshold value | value | |
| 5.12 | Pollen: 1. morphism | monomorphic | |
| dimorphic | |||
| trimorphic | |||
| 5.13 | Pollen: 2. diameter | value (µm) | length of polar axis |
| 5.14 | Pollen viability | high | |
| variable | |||
| low | |||
| 5.15 | Pollen vector | insect | |
| wind | |||
| water | |||
| none | |||
| selfed | |||
| 5.16 | Dicliny | hermaphrodite | |
| andromonoecious | |||
| monoecious | |||
| gynomonoecious | |||
| dioecious | |||
| androdioecious | |||
| gynodioecious | |||
| subandroecious | |||
| subgynoecious | |||
| subdioecious | |||
| trioecious | |||
| polygamous | |||
| gynoandromonoecious | |||
| 5.17 | Dichogame | entirely protandrous | |
| protandrous | |||
| markedly protandrous | |||
| wealky protandrous | |||
| homogamous | |||
| wealky protogynous | |||
| markedly protogynous | |||
| protogynous | |||
| entirely protogynous | |||
| 5.18 | Heteromorphy | homomorphic | |
| dimorphic | |||
| trimorphic | |||
| 5.19 | Fertilisation | Obligatory cross | |
| normally cross | |||
| cross and self | |||
| cross or automatic self | |||
| normally self | |||
| viviparous | |||
| apomictic | |||
| no seed in Britain | |||
| 5.20 | Cleistogamy | entirely cleistogamous | |
| usually cleistogamous | |||
| some cleistogamous flowers | |||
| sometimes cleistogamous | |||
| pseudocleistogamous | |||
| cleistogamy not recorded | |||
| 5.21 | Inbreeding | value (%) | |
| 5.22 | Incompatibility System | none | |
| gametophytic 1 locus | |||
| gametophytic 2 locus | |||
| gametophytic >2 locus | |||
| di-allelic sporophytic | |||
| multi-allelic sporophytic | |||
| mechanism unknown | |||
| 5.23 | Pollen / ovule ratio | value | |
| 5.24 | Seed / ovule ratio | value | |
| 5.25 | Chromosome number | value | |
| 5.26 | 2C DNA content | value (µg) | |
| 5.27 | Appendages on dispersal unit | elaisome | |
| mucilage | |||
| wings | |||
| pappus | |||
| plume of hairs | |||
| hooks | |||
| 5.28 | Time of seed dispersal (season) | Spring | |
| summer | |||
| autumn | |||
| winter | |||
| 5.29 | Annual seed dispersal pattern | regular | |
| alternate | |||
| mast | |||
| irregular | |||
| 5.30 | Dispersule size- length of longest axis | value (mm) | |
| 5.31 | Seed size - length of longest axis | value (mm) | |
| 5.32 | Seed weight: 1. maximum | value (µg) | air-dry weight |
| 5.33 | Seed weight: 2. minimum | value (µg) | air-dry weight |
| 5.34 | Seed weight: 1. mean | value (µg) | air-dry weight |
| 5.35 | Seed production : 1. Maximum per flower | value | |
| 5.36 | Seed production : 1. typical range per flower | 1 | |
| 1-10 | |||
| 10-100 | |||
| 100-1000 | |||
| >1000 | |||
| 5.37 | Seed production : 1. typical range per flower | 1 | Plant described as a discrete above ground unit |
| 1-10 | |||
| 10-100 | |||
| 100-1000 | |||
| 1000-10000 | |||
| >10000 | |||
| 5.38 | Dispersal agent | unspecialised | |
| water | |||
| rainwash | |||
| wind | |||
| carried by mammals | |||
| carried by birds | |||
| ants | |||
| eaten by mammals | |||
| eaten by birds | |||
| explosive mechanism | |||
| man | |||
| 5.39 | Time of germination (season) | spring | |
| summer | |||
| autumn | |||
| winter | |||
| not observed | |||
| 5.40 | After ripening requirement | none | |
| partial | |||
| absolute | |||
| 5.41 | Maximum temperature of germination | value ºc | |
| 5.42 | Maximum temperature for 50% germination | value ºc | |
| 5.43 | Minimum temperature of germination | value ºc | |
| 5.44 | Minimum temperature for 50% germination | value ºc | |
| 5.45 | Germination requirements:1. Chilling | None | |
| Partial | Chilling increases germination % or required in the absence of other factors, or by some but not all seeds | ||
| Absolute | |||
| 5.46 | Germination requirements: 2. Light | None | |
| Partial | See chilling for definition of partial | ||
| Absolute | |||
| 5.47 | Germination requirements: 3. Temperature fluctuation | none | |
| partial | See chilling for definition of partial | ||
| absolute | |||
| 5.48 | Germination type | hypogeal | |
| epigeal | |||
| 5.49 | Seed viability | high | |
| some non-viable | |||
| many non-viable | |||
| 5.50 | Seedbank longevity | <3 months | |
| 3-12 months | |||
| 1-5 years | |||
| 5-20 years | |||
| >20 years | |||
| 5.51 | Seedbank density | Value (seeds/sq m) | |
| no seedbank recorded | |||
| 5.52 | Normal method of propagation | seed | |
| seed and vegetative | |||
| vegetative | |||
| 6.01 | Response to vertebrate grazing | decreases | |
| neutral | |||
| increases | |||
| 6.02 | Physical defenses on leaves | Dense hairs | |
| glabrous | |||
| glandular hairs | |||
| prickles | |||
| soft hairs | |||
| spines | |||
| stiff hairs | |||
| stinging hairs | |||
| thick cuticle | |||
| viscid | |||
| 6.03 | Physical defenses on stems | see 6.02 for alternatives | |
| 6.04 | Physical defenses on flowers/fruits | see 6.02 for alternatives | |
| 6.05 | Physical defenses on buds | see 6.02 for alternatives | . |
| 7.01 | Conservation Status | vu, vw, en, cr, ex, null | |
| 7.02 | Rarity Status | n, s, r, o, x, i, null | Calculated from New Atlas Data |
| 7.03 | Change Index | (- 4.57) - (+ 4.7) | New Atlas (Preston et al., 2002) |
| 7.04 | Biome | 0 - 9 | Part of biogeographic element (Preston & Hill, 199... |
| 7.05 | Eastern Limit | 0 - 6 | Part of biogeographic element (Preston & Hill, 199... |
| 7.06 | Continentality in Europe | Preston & Hill (1997) plus additions | |
| 7.07 | Northern Linit in Britain | Native taxa at their northern European limit in the Br. Isles | |
| 7.08 | Northern European Limit (Lat, 5º band) | ||
| 7.09 | Southern European Limit | Native taxa at their southern European limit in the Br. Isles | |
| 7.10 | Southern European Limit (Lat, 5º band) | ||
| 7.11 | January mean temperature | Calculated from New Atlas plus climatic data | |
| 7.12 | July mean temperature | Calculated from New Atlas plus climatic data | |
| 7.13 | Annual precipitation | Calculated from New Atlas plus climatic data | |
| 7.14 | Ellenberg Indicator: Light | Hill et al. (1999) | |
| 7.15 | Ellenberg Indicator: Moisture | Hill et al. (1999) | |
| 7.16 | Ellenberg Indicator: pH | Hill et al. (1999) | |
| 7.17 | Ellenberg Indicator: Nitrogen | Hill et al. (1999) | |
| 7.18 | Ellenberg Indicator: Salt | Hill et al. (1999) |